In the present study, the sample size was set at 388 individuals with methamphetamine dependence (215 women and 175 men) for the conduct of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The sample size recommended for the confirmatory factor analysis was approximately 200 for 10 factors ( 20, 21). In the confirmatory factor and exploratory analysis, the minimum sample size was determined based on factors, not variables. According to Kline, a sample size of 10 to 20 is required for each exploratory factor analysis, but a minimum sample size of 200 is justifiable. The determination of a minimum sample size required for the collection of structural equation modeling data is crucial in exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses ( 19). The statistical population comprised all male and female patients with methamphetamine dependence who referred to the addiction recovery centers or were hospitalized in the Psychiatric Ward of Farabi Hospital in Kermanshah, Iran, in 2017. The research used a cross-sectional descriptive method. Therefore, considering the research and clinical needs as well as the different structure of this questionnaire in different cultures, it was important to investigate the psychometric properties of AWQV2 in Iranian society. The Amphetamine Withdrawal questionnaire is one of the latest tools developed and used in methamphetamine rehabilitation centers ( 17, 18). Such methamphetamine-related physical, psychological, behavioral, and social problems call for wide-scope research, and it should be noted that the absence of a valid and reliable tool precludes attempts at diagnosing and treating methamphetamine withdrawal symptoms. This study aimed to validate the reliability of the Amphetamine Withdrawal questionnaire version 2 (AWQV2). Owing to the recurrence of methamphetamine abuse in early users after withdrawal, it is important to provide a tool for diagnosing withdrawal symptoms in methamphetamine addicts. Dangerous social injuries such as traffic collisions, rape, and sexually transmitted diseases are other problems that methamphetamine users experience ( 16). Symptoms of methamphetamine withdrawal intensify day by day and may eventually be unbearable and cause relapse ( 14, 15). There is a relationship between depression and suicidal ideation after methamphetamine withdrawal ( 13). The severity of depression after methamphetamine withdrawal cannot be compared with other substances because this kind of depression is so severe that it renders the individuals incapable of performing their daily duties and activities ( 11). These symptoms encompass depression, psychosis, and behavioral imbalance ( 12). On a global scale, the emergence of methamphetamine ( 10) begets serious problems known as “methamphetamine withdrawal symptoms” coming after its sudden withdrawal ( 11). Methamphetamine-related psychiatric disorders now constitute a formidable challenge to Iran’s health-care system ( 8), and most patients with methamphetamine dependence are young ( 9). Users of methamphetamine, who use it only once, and individuals with underlying mental disorders expedite the incidence of psychosis by 50% to 70% ( 6) and quitting the patients with methamphetamine dependence that require hospitalization ( 7). The long-term use of methamphetamine psychological disorders, in addition to performance-related problems ( 4), imposes considerable costs on families and societies ( 5). Iran has a high rate of methamphetamine users insofar as it accounts for 5.2% of the total rate of substance users ( 3). BackgroundĪddiction to methamphetamine is now deemed a major worldwide concern ( 1), an estimated annual global prevalence of 0.4% ( 2). Behavioral therapies.Based on the results, the AWQV2 has very good psychometric properties and may be used in research and therapeutic interventions.Īmphetamine Withdrawal Questionnaire Version 2 Reliability Validity 1. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing May 1, 2022. Are people who misuse methamphetamine at risk for contracting HIV/AIDS and hepatitis B and C?Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. What are long-term effects of methamphetamine misuse?. Current research on methamphetamine: Epidemiology, medical and psychiatric effects, treatment, and harm reduction efforts. Demographic and geographic shifts in the preferred route of methamphetamine administration among treatment cases in the US, 2010-2019. Understanding methamphetamine abuse and addiction.
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